Welcome to the Language Services Knowledge Hub,

designed to provide our esteemed project managers and language experts with a comprehensive understanding of the diverse linguistic solutions offered by the Verbosari team to our valued clients. Our range of services is meticulously crafted to cater to the multifaceted needs of global communication.

Copywriting involves creating compelling and persuasive messages that resonate with the audience's needs, desires, and emotions. This may include writing attention-grabbing headlines, persuasive body copy, and compelling calls-to-action. Copywriters often work closely with clients, marketing teams, and designers to ensure that the written content aligns with the overall marketing strategy and brand identity.

Effective copywriting requires a deep understanding of the target audience, market trends, and communication techniques. Copywriters must be able to tailor their language, tone, and style to appeal to different demographics and convey the desired message effectively. | hour | | Consecutive interpreting | Konsekutivni usmeni prijevod | Consecutive interpreting is a mode of interpretation where the interpreter listens to a speaker's message in one language and then renders it into another language after the speaker has finished speaking or during pauses. In consecutive interpreting, the speaker and the interpreter take turns, with the interpreter conveying the message in the target language once the speaker has completed a segment of speech. This mode of interpretation is commonly used in settings such as meetings, negotiations, interviews, and courtrooms, where participants require interpretation but simultaneous interpretation equipment may not be available or necessary. Consecutive interpreters must have excellent listening, memory, and note-taking skills, as well as the ability to convey the speaker's message accurately and fluently in the target language. | hour | | Simultaneous interpreting | Simultani usmeni prijevod | Simultaneous interpreting is a mode of interpretation where the interpreter listens to a speaker's message in one language and conveys it into another language in real-time, while the speaker is still speaking. In simultaneous interpreting, the interpreter listens to the speaker through headphones and simultaneously interprets the message into the target language using a microphone, allowing the audience to hear the interpretation through their own headphones. This mode of interpretation is commonly used in settings such as conferences, international meetings, and large events, where participants speak different languages and require immediate interpretation. Simultaneous interpreters must have exceptional linguistic skills, concentration, and the ability to think quickly and accurately under pressure to convey the speaker's message effectively and fluently in the target language. | hour | | Sworn translation | Sudski ovjereni pisani prijevod | Sworn translation, also known as certified translation or official translation, is a specialized form of translation that is typically required for legal or official documents. In sworn translation, a translator, who is authorized or certified by a relevant government authority or professional organization, provides a translation of a document from one language into another. The translator attests to the accuracy and completeness of the translation by affixing their official seal or stamp, along with a statement certifying that the translation is true and accurate to the best of their knowledge and ability. Sworn translations are often required for documents such as birth certificates, marriage certificates, academic transcripts, legal contracts, and other official records that may be submitted to government agencies, courts, educational institutions, or other authorities. The certification provided by the sworn translator adds legal validity and authenticity to the translated document, ensuring that it is recognized and accepted as an accurate representation of the original text in the target language. | source word | | Sworn interpreting | Sudski ovjereni usmeni prijevod | Sworn interpreting, also known as certified interpreting or official interpreting, refers to the provision of interpretation services by a professional interpreter who has been authorized or certified by a relevant government authority or professional organization. Sworn interpreters are typically required for legal proceedings, official ceremonies, and other situations where accurate and reliable interpretation is crucial for ensuring communication between parties.

Sworn interpreters are bound by a code of ethics and professional standards and are often required to take an oath or make a solemn declaration before providing their services. They are expected to maintain confidentiality, impartiality, and accuracy in their interpretation, ensuring that all parties involved understand and are understood in their respective languages. Sworn interpreters may be called upon to interpret in various settings, including courtrooms, police stations, immigration offices, hospitals, and government agencies.

The certification provided by sworn interpreters adds legal validity and authenticity to the interpretation process, giving parties confidence in the accuracy and reliability of the interpreted communication. | hour | | Phone Interpreting | Telefonsko prevođenje | Phone interpreting, also known as telephone interpreting or telephonic interpreting, is a form of interpretation where language professionals provide real-time interpretation services over the phone. It allows individuals who speak different languages to communicate effectively without being in the same physical location.

In phone interpreting, an interpreter facilitates communication between parties by listening to the speaker's message in one language and conveying it accurately and fluently into another language over the phone. This mode of interpretation is commonly used in various settings, such as healthcare, legal, customer service, business, and emergency situations, where immediate language assistance is needed but an in-person interpreter is not available or practical. | hour | | Machine Translation Post-Editing (MTPE) | Redaktura strojno prevedenog teksta | Machine Translation Post-Editing (MTPE) is a process where a human translator or language professional reviews and improves machine-generated translations to ensure accuracy, fluency, and coherence. In MTPE, the initial translation is produced by machine translation (MT) software, such as neural machine translation (NMT) or statistical machine translation (SMT), and then refined by a human post-editor.

The primary goal of MTPE is to enhance the quality of machine-generated translations to make them suitable for professional or publication-ready content. Post-editors review the machine-generated translation to correct errors, improve clarity, adjust language style, and ensure that the translated text accurately conveys the intended meaning of the source text. | source word/hour | | Transcreation | Kreativno prevođenje | Transcreation, short for "translation creation," is a specialized form of translation that goes beyond literal translation to adapt content creatively and culturally for a target audience while preserving its intent, style, and tone. Unlike traditional translation, which focuses on accurately conveying the meaning of the source text, transcreation involves recreating the message in a way that resonates with the cultural nuances, preferences, and sensibilities of the target audience.

Transcreation is commonly used in marketing, advertising, and creative content where the goal is to evoke specific emotions, capture attention, and engage the audience on a deeper level. Transcreators, or creative translators, draw on their linguistic expertise and cultural insight to adapt slogans, marketing campaigns, product names, and other promotional materials to fit the cultural context and preferences of the target market while maintaining the integrity of the original message.

Transcreation often involves linguistic creativity, cultural sensitivity, and collaboration between translators, copywriters, and marketing professionals to ensure that the adapted content effectively communicates the desired message and achieves the intended impact in the target language and culture. | hour | | MT Quality Check | Provjera kvalitete strojnog prijevoda | MT Quality Check refers to the process of evaluating the quality of machine translation (MT) output to ensure its accuracy, fluency, and suitability for its intended purpose. This process involves various techniques and criteria to assess the performance of machine translation systems and identify any errors or areas for improvement.

MT Quality Check typically includes the following steps:

Linguistic Analysis: Conducting a manual linguistic analysis to identify errors or discrepancies in the machine translation output, including grammatical errors, mistranslations, omissions, ambiguities, and stylistic inconsistencies. Linguistic analysis involves assessing the text for linguistic accuracy, coherence, and naturalness, as well as adherence to language conventions and stylistic preferences.

Post-Editing: Enlisting human translators or language professionals to review and edit the machine-generated translation to improve its quality and fluency. Post-editing involves correcting errors, enhancing clarity, adjusting language style, and ensuring that the translated text accurately conveys the intended meaning of the source text.

Subjective Evaluation: Seeking feedback from end-users, domain experts, or language specialists to evaluate the overall quality, readability, and suitability of the machine translation output for its intended purpose. Subjective evaluation involves gathering opinions, preferences, and judgments to assess the user experience and identify areas for enhancement. | hour | | Linguistic Quality Assessment | Provjera kvalitete prijevoda | Linguistic Quality Assessment (LQA) is a process used to evaluate the linguistic quality of translated or localized content. It involves assessing the accuracy, fluency, clarity, and appropriateness of the language used in the translated text to ensure that it meets the desired standards and effectively communicates the intended message to the target audience.

Linguistic Quality Assessment is essential for ensuring the accuracy, consistency, and effectiveness of translated or localized content, particularly in industries such as healthcare, legal, technical documentation, marketing, and e-commerce where precise and culturally appropriate language is critical. By conducting LQA evaluations, organizations can identify and address linguistic issues, enhance the overall quality of translated content, and improve the user experience for their target audience. | hour | | Spot Check | Brza provjera prijevoda/završne verzije/nasumična procjena kvalitete prijevoda | A spot check is a quality assurance technique used to randomly sample and evaluate a subset of items or processes to assess their quality, accuracy, or compliance with standards. In the context of translation and localization, a spot check involves randomly selecting a portion of translated or localized content and conducting a quick review or evaluation to identify any issues or inconsistencies.

Spot checks are typically performed as a quick and efficient way to gauge the overall quality of translation or localization projects without reviewing every single item or component. They provide a snapshot of the quality level and help identify any potential problems or areas for improvement that may require further attention.

The process of spot checking may involve reviewing translated text for accuracy, checking localized software or websites for functionality and user experience, or assessing compliance with style guidelines and brand standards. Spot checks can be conducted by language experts, project managers, or quality assurance professionals using predefined criteria or checklists. | hour | | Test Translation Evaluation | Procjena testnog prijevoda | Test Translation Evaluation (TTE) is a quality assessment process used to evaluate the linguistic accuracy, fluency, and appropriateness of translation samples provided by translators or translation vendors. TTE is commonly used by translation agencies, localization companies, and organizations to assess the skills and proficiency of translators before engaging them in translation projects.

During a Test Translation Evaluation, translators are typically asked to translate a sample text or a set of text excerpts that are representative of the content they will be working on. The source texts may cover various topics, styles, and levels of complexity to assess the translator's proficiency across different domains.

Once the translations are completed, they are evaluated by language experts or reviewers based on predefined criteria, such as accuracy, adherence to source text meaning, grammar and syntax, consistency of terminology, style and tone, cultural appropriateness, and overall readability. Reviewers may also consider factors such as adherence to instructions, ability to meet deadlines, and communication skills.

Test Translation Evaluations are designed to ensure that translators possess the necessary language skills, subject matter expertise, and translation techniques to deliver high-quality translations that meet the requirements and expectations of clients or end-users. They help translation providers and organizations identify qualified translators, assess their strengths and weaknesses, and make informed decisions about their suitability for specific translation projects or assignments. | hour | | Terminology Creation | Stvaranje pojmovnika | Terminology creation, also known as terminology development or terminology management, is the process of identifying, defining, and standardizing terms and concepts used within a specific domain, field, or industry. It involves systematically collecting, organizing, and documenting terminology to ensure consistency and accuracy in communication.

The process of terminology creation typically involves the following steps:

a) Term Identification: Identifying relevant terms and concepts that are commonly used or specific to the domain or subject area. This may involve compiling terminology from existing sources, such as glossaries, dictionaries, textbooks, and industry standards, as well as conducting domain-specific research and consultation with subject matter experts.

b) Definition: Defining each term in a clear and concise manner to ensure common understanding and prevent ambiguity. Definitions may include linguistic aspects (e.g., part of speech, synonyms, antonyms), conceptual aspects (e.g., meaning, context, usage), and domain-specific information (e.g., definition source, related concepts).

c) Standardization: Establishing standardized terminology guidelines, rules, and conventions to govern the use of terms within the domain or industry. This may include guidelines for term formation, spelling, capitalization, abbreviation, and translation, as well as rules for resolving terminological inconsistencies or conflicts.

d) Documentation: Documenting terminology in a structured and accessible format, such as a terminology database, glossary, or terminology management system. Terminology documentation typically includes the term, definition, context, usage examples, source references, and other relevant metadata.

e)Maintenance: Continuously updating and refining terminology to reflect changes in the domain or industry, address new concepts or technologies, and incorporate feedback from users and stakeholders. Terminology maintenance may involve regular reviews, revisions, additions, and retirements of terms to ensure currency, relevance, and accuracy. | hour | | TM update LQA | Ažuriranje memorije nakon procjene kvalitete prijevoda | TM update LQA stands for Translation Memory Update Linguistic Quality Assessment.

In this process, after updating a translation memory (TM) with new translated segments, a linguistic quality assessment (LQA) is conducted to ensure the accuracy, consistency, and overall quality of the updated translations.

The TM update involves adding new translated segments, revising existing translations, or deleting outdated or incorrect entries in the TM database. Once the TM update is completed, linguists or reviewers perform an LQA to evaluate the quality of the updated translations.

During the LQA process, linguists or reviewers assess the linguistic quality of the updated segments based on predefined criteria, such as accuracy, fluency, terminology consistency, grammar, punctuation, style, and adherence to client-specific guidelines or preferences.

The goal of TM update LQA is to identify and correct any errors, inconsistencies, or deviations from the established quality standards in the updated translations, ensuring that the TM database maintains a high level of quality and reliability for future translation projects. | hour | | Counter feedback | Pisanje obrazloženja | Counter feedback refers to feedback provided in response to initial feedback received from a stakeholder or party involved in a project, process, or interaction. It involves addressing and responding to the concerns, suggestions, or criticisms raised by the initial feedback to provide clarification, additional information, or alternative perspectives.

Counter feedback is typically provided to engage in constructive dialogue, resolve misunderstandings, or address any issues or discrepancies identified in the initial feedback. It may involve acknowledging the validity of the concerns raised, offering explanations or rationales for decisions or actions, proposing solutions or alternatives, or seeking further clarification or feedback to reach a mutual understanding or resolution. | hour | | File preparation | Priprema datoteka | File preparation refers to the process of organizing, formatting, and optimizing files before they are used or distributed for a specific purpose. It involves various tasks to ensure that the files are correctly structured, compatible with the intended software or platform, and meet the requirements or standards for their use.

File preparation may include the following tasks:

a) Formatting: Adjusting the layout, structure, and appearance of files to ensure readability and visual consistency. This may involve formatting text, adjusting margins, setting page size and orientation, and applying styles or templates.

b) File Conversion: Converting files from one format to another to ensure compatibility with different software programs or platforms. This may involve converting text documents between formats such as Microsoft Word, PDF, or plain text, or converting image files between formats such as JPEG, PNG, or TIFF.

c) Compression: Reducing the file size of large files to optimize storage space and facilitate faster file transfer or download. This may involve compressing images, videos, or other media files using compression algorithms or file compression software.

d) Metadata Management: Adding or editing metadata information associated with files, such as author name, creation date, keywords, and copyright information. This metadata helps users organize and search for files more efficiently.

e) File Naming and Organization: Renaming files and organizing them into logical folders or directories to facilitate easy retrieval and management. This may involve following a consistent naming convention, using descriptive file names, and organizing files into hierarchical folder structures.

f) Quality Assurance: Performing quality checks to ensure that files are error-free, complete, and ready for their intended use. This may involve reviewing files for spelling or grammatical errors, checking for formatting inconsistencies, and verifying that all required content is included. | hour | | DTP (Destkop Publishing) | Stolno izdavaštvo | Desktop Publishing (DTP) refers to the process of creating and designing documents, such as brochures, flyers, newsletters, magazines, books, and other printed materials, using specialized software on a computer. DTP software allows users to combine text, images, graphics, and other elements to produce visually appealing and professionally formatted documents.

The main features of DTP software include:

a) Layout Tools: DTP software provides tools for arranging and formatting text, images, and other elements within a document. Users can create multi-column layouts, adjust margins and spacing, and control the placement of content on the page.

b) Typography: DTP software offers a wide range of fonts, font styles, and text formatting options to customize the appearance of text. Users can adjust font size, color, alignment, spacing, and apply special effects such as bold, italic, underline, and text wrapping.

c) Image Editing: DTP software includes basic image editing tools for resizing, cropping, rotating, and adjusting the brightness, contrast, and color of images. Users can import images from external sources or use built-in libraries of clip art and stock photos.

d) Graphic Design: DTP software allows users to create and manipulate vector graphics, shapes, lines, and other graphic elements to enhance the visual appeal of documents. Users can add borders, backgrounds, gradients, shadows, and other effects to create professional-looking designs.

e) Templates and Master Pages: DTP software often includes pre-designed templates and master pages that users can customize to create consistent layouts for documents with multiple pages or sections. Templates may include placeholders for text, images, and other elements, making it easy to create documents quickly and efficiently.

f) Output Options: DTP software supports a variety of output formats for printing and publishing documents. Users can generate high-resolution PDF files for printing, export documents to digital formats for online distribution, or prepare files for professional printing services. | hour | | Post DTP Check | Provjera nakon postupka prilagodbe materijala za tiskanje | Post DTP check, short for Post Desktop Publishing check, refers to the quality assurance process conducted after the completion of the desktop publishing (DTP) phase. This step is crucial in ensuring that the final layout and formatting of the document meet the required standards and specifications.

During the post DTP check, a qualified reviewer examines the document to verify several key aspects:

a) Layout and Formatting: The reviewer ensures that the layout of the document is consistent with the approved design and that all elements, such as text, images, tables, and graphics, are positioned correctly on the page.

b) Text Accuracy: The reviewer checks for any typographical errors, misspellings, grammatical mistakes, or formatting inconsistencies in the text. This includes verifying the accuracy of translated content if the document is multilingual.

c) Image and Graphic Quality: The reviewer examines the quality of images, graphics, and other visual elements to ensure that they are clear, sharp, and appropriately scaled for printing or digital distribution.

d) Font and Typography: The reviewer checks the font styles, sizes, colors, and spacing to ensure consistency throughout the document and adherence to brand guidelines or client preferences.

e) Page Elements: The reviewer examines headers, footers, page numbers, captions, and other page elements to ensure they are correctly positioned and formatted according to the document's specifications.

f) Cross-references and Links: If applicable, the reviewer verifies the accuracy of cross-references, hyperlinks, bookmarks, and other interactive elements to ensure they function correctly and point to the intended destinations.

g) Compliance with Standards: The reviewer ensures that the document complies with industry standards, regulatory requirements, and client-specific guidelines, such as print specifications, color profiles, bleed margins, and file formats. | hour | | Bug check | Provjera softverskih grešaka | Bug check, also known as bug testing or debugging, is a process used in software development to identify, analyze, and resolve defects, errors, or "bugs" in a software program or application.

During the bug check process, software developers or quality assurance testers systematically test the software to uncover any issues that may cause malfunctions, errors, or unexpected behavior. This typically involves executing the software under various conditions and scenarios to simulate real-world usage and uncover potential problems.

The bug check process typically includes the following steps:

a) Test Planning: Defining test objectives, test cases, and test scenarios based on requirements, specifications, and user expectations.

b) Test Execution: Running the software and performing various actions, inputs, and operations to trigger potential bugs or errors.

c) Bug Identification: Recording and documenting any anomalies, errors, crashes, or unexpected behavior observed during testing.

d) Bug Reproduction: Attempting to reproduce identified bugs or errors consistently to isolate their root causes and understand their impact.

e) Bug Analysis: Investigating the root causes of identified bugs, including code analysis, log file analysis, and debugging techniques to determine why the issue occurred.

f) Bug Fixing: Developing and implementing fixes or patches to address identified bugs, errors, or vulnerabilities in the software code.

g) Regression Testing: Repeating test cases and scenarios to verify that bug fixes have been successfully implemented without introducing new issues or regressions. | hour | | QA Report Check | Provjera automatskog izvješća o kvaliteti prijevoda | QA Report Check refers to the process of reviewing and analyzing the results of a quality assurance assessment conducted on translated materials.

During the translation process, especially in professional translation agencies or localization companies, quality assurance measures are implemented to ensure that translated content meets the required standards, guidelines, and client expectations. These measures may include linguistic quality assessments (LQA), translation memory (TM) checks, terminology consistency checks, style guide adherence, and other quality checks.

After the completion of translation and quality assurance processes, a QA report is generated to document the findings, including any issues or discrepancies identified during the assessment. A QA report check involves reviewing this report to understand the overall quality of the translated materials and to identify areas for improvement or further action.

The QA report typically includes details such as:

a) Summary of Findings: An overview of the key findings from the quality assurance assessment, including any errors, inconsistencies, or areas of concern.

b) Error Types: Categorization of errors based on their type, such as mistranslations, grammatical errors, terminology inconsistencies, formatting issues, or stylistic deviations.

c) Severity Levels: Assessment of the severity or impact of identified errors, ranging from minor issues that may not significantly affect understanding to critical errors that may require immediate correction.

d) Recommendations: Suggestions for corrective actions or improvements to address identified issues and enhance the overall quality of the translated materials.

e) Follow-up Actions: Proposed steps or measures to be taken based on the findings of the QA report, such as revision, editing, proofreading, or further review by subject matter experts or client representatives. | hour | | Implementation of client's feedback | Primjena klijentovih izmjena | Implementation of client's feedback in translation refers to the process of integrating or incorporating feedback provided by the client into the translated materials. This feedback could include suggestions, corrections, preferences, or revisions requested by the client based on their review of the translated content.

The implementation process typically involves the following steps:

a) Review Feedback: Carefully review and analyze the feedback provided by the client. This may include comments, annotations, tracked changes, or a formal feedback document outlining specific revisions or requests.

b) Understand Requirements: Ensure a clear understanding of the client's requirements, expectations, and any specific guidelines or preferences provided for the translation project.

c) Incorporate Revisions: Make the necessary revisions to the translated content based on the client's feedback. This may involve correcting errors, addressing inconsistencies, improving clarity, adjusting terminology, or making stylistic changes as requested by the client.

d) Maintain Consistency: Ensure that the revisions made in response to client feedback are consistent with the overall tone, style, and terminology established in the translated materials. Maintain consistency with previously translated content and adhere to any established glossaries, style guides, or client-specific terminology.

e) Quality Assurance: Conduct a thorough quality assurance review of the revised content to verify that the implemented changes meet the required quality standards and address the client's feedback effectively. This may involve proofreading, editing, or additional review by language experts or quality assurance specialists.

f) Communication: Maintain open communication with the client throughout the implementation process to clarify any questions, provide updates on progress, and ensure alignment with their expectations. Address any concerns or questions raised by the client promptly and transparently.

g) Final Approval: Once the revisions have been implemented and reviewed, submit the revised content to the client for final approval. Seek confirmation that the implemented changes meet their requirements and that they are satisfied with the final result. | hour | | Translation Update | Ažuriranje prijevoda | Translation update refers to the process of making revisions or modifications to previously translated content to ensure its accuracy, relevance, and alignment with current requirements or changes. This may involve updating existing translations to reflect changes in terminology, content updates, revisions to source texts, or other factors that may impact the accuracy or effectiveness of the translated materials.

The translation update process typically involves the following steps:

a) Source Text Review: Review the original source text or content to identify any changes, updates, or additions that have been made since the initial translation was completed. This may involve comparing the current source text with the version that was originally translated to identify differences or updates.

b) Translation Assessment: Assess the existing translation to determine which parts need to be updated or revised based on the changes identified in the source text. This may involve reviewing the translated content in its entirety or focusing on specific sections that require attention.

c) Terminology Consistency: Ensure consistency of terminology and terminology updates between the source text and the translated content. Update any terminology or terminology changes in the translation to maintain alignment with the source text and adhere to established glossaries or terminology guidelines.

d) Content Revisions: Make revisions or modifications to the translated content as needed to reflect changes in the source text or to address any inaccuracies, errors, or inconsistencies identified during the update process. This may involve rewriting sections, adding new content, or deleting outdated information.

e) Quality Assurance: Conduct a thorough quality assurance review of the updated translation to verify its accuracy, clarity, and overall quality. This may involve proofreading, editing, or additional review by language experts or quality assurance specialists to ensure that the updated content meets the required standards.

f) Client Review: Submit the updated translation to the client or relevant stakeholders for review and approval. Seek feedback and confirmation that the updated content meets their requirements and expectations.

g) Final Approval: Once any feedback or revisions have been addressed, obtain final approval from the client or stakeholders to finalize the updated translation for use or distribution. | hour | | Language Consultations | Jezično savjetovanje | Language consultations involve providing guidance, advice, and expertise on various linguistic aspects to individuals, businesses, organizations, or other entities seeking assistance with language-related issues. Language consultants, who are typically experts in one or more languages and linguistics, offer their knowledge and insights to help clients address specific challenges or achieve their language-related goals.

Language consultations may cover a wide range of topics and services, including:

a) Translation and Localization: Providing advice on translation and localization strategies, best practices, and solutions to ensure accurate and culturally appropriate communication in different languages and cultures.

b) Language Planning and Policy: Assisting governments, educational institutions, and organizations in developing language policies, language planning initiatives, and language-related programs to promote linguistic diversity, multilingualism, and language rights.

c) Language Teaching and Learning: Offering guidance on language teaching methodologies, curriculum development, assessment practices, and language acquisition strategies for learners of all ages and proficiency levels.

d) Terminology Management: Advising on terminology development, terminology standardization, and terminology management practices to ensure consistency and accuracy in specialized domains, industries, or organizations.

e) Linguistic Analysis: Conducting linguistic analysis, language audits, and language assessments to evaluate language use, language proficiency, language variation, and language attitudes in specific contexts or populations.

f) Cross-Cultural Communication: Providing insights and strategies for effective cross-cultural communication, intercultural competence, and cultural sensitivity to enhance communication and collaboration in multicultural settings.

g) Language Technology: Offering expertise in language technology tools, software, and resources for natural language processing, machine translation, speech recognition, and other language-related applications. | hour | | Software Testing | Testiranje softvera | Software testing is a crucial process in software development that involves evaluating and validating a software application or system to ensure that it meets specified requirements, functions as intended, and is free of defects or errors. The primary goal of software testing is to identify any issues or discrepancies between the expected behavior of the software and its actual behavior, thereby improving its quality, reliability, and usability.

Software testing typically encompasses the following activities:

a) Test Planning: Defining test objectives, scope, and strategies based on project requirements, specifications, and stakeholders' needs. This involves identifying test scenarios, test cases, and testing techniques to be employed during the testing process.

b) Test Design: Creating detailed test cases and test scripts that outline the steps to be executed, the expected results, and the test data required for each test scenario. Test design involves identifying different types of tests, such as functional testing, performance testing, usability testing, and security testing, based on the nature of the software application and its intended use.

c) Test Execution: Running the test cases and test scripts against the software application to execute the planned tests and assess its behavior. This involves inputting test data, simulating user interactions, and verifying the system's responses to ensure that it behaves as expected under various conditions and scenarios.

d) Test Reporting: Documenting the results of the testing process, including any defects, failures, or deviations observed during test execution. Test reports provide stakeholders with valuable insights into the quality of the software and help prioritize issues for resolution.

e) Defect Management: Identifying, logging, and tracking defects or issues uncovered during testing using a defect tracking system or bug tracking tool. Defects are categorized based on severity, priority, and impact on the software's functionality, and are assigned to development teams for resolution.

f) Regression Testing: Repeating test cases and test scenarios to verify that previously identified defects have been fixed and that new changes or updates to the software have not introduced any new issues or regressions. Regression testing ensures the stability and integrity of the software across multiple iterations and releases.

g) Test Closure: Assessing the completion criteria for testing and obtaining stakeholders' approval to conclude the testing phase. Test closure involves summarizing the testing activities, evaluating the effectiveness of the testing process, and documenting lessons learned for future improvement. | hour | | Validation | Provjera | Validation in the context of translation services refers to the process of ensuring that the translated text is not only accurate but also appropriate for its intended purpose and audience. This can involve several steps:

Linguistic Validation: Checking for grammatical accuracy, proper usage of terminology, and linguistic fluency in the target language.

Cultural Validation: Ensuring that the content is culturally appropriate and resonates with the target audience, avoiding any cultural misrepresentations or inaccuracies.

Functional Validation: Verifying that the translation functions as intended in its specific context, such as technical manuals, marketing materials, or legal documents.

Quality Assurance: Implementing a systematic review process, often involving multiple reviewers or editors, to catch errors and improve overall quality.

Compliance Checks: Ensuring that the translation adheres to any relevant industry standards or regulations, particularly in fields like healthcare, legal, and finance.

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